Biorremediación de Suelos Contaminados con Aceites Usados de Motor
Palabras clave:
Biorremediación, Atenuación Natural, Bioestimulación, Respirometría, Aceite usado de motorResumen
En el presente estudio se analizó el proceso de bioremediación de un suelo contaminado con aceites usados de motor (40000 mg/kg). Se utilizaron como principales tecnologías la Atenuación Natural y la Bioestimulación adicionando nutrientes derivados de fertilizantes inorgánicos (Urea y Tripolifosfato de sodio). La dosis de nutrientes semanal fue determinada con base en relaciones estequiométricas y los requerimientos fisiológicos de la diversidad biológica del suelo. Como tratamiento de control se utilizó una muestra de suelo previamente esterilizado, al cual se adicionó HCl y Benzoato de sodio como agentes inhibidores del crecimiento microbiano. Los agentes inhibidores promovieron el crecimiento de microorganismos con capacidad hidrocarbonoclasta obteniendo la mayor eficiencia de remoción del estudio (26.5% en 12 semanas) seguido del tratamiento de Atenuación Natural y Bioestimulación. El análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de las cinéticas de remoción del contaminante presente en el suelo, indica que no existe diferencia significativa entre el proceso de Atenuación Natural y de Bioestimulación considerando la eficiencia de remoción del aceite usado, crecimiento celular y tasa de respiración del suelo. Una prueba de toxicidad aguda utilizando el microorganismo Eisenia foetida fue realizada; con base en los resultados obtenidos no se presentó mortalidad de Eisenia foetida en ningún tratamiento, excepto en el proceso de Bioestimulación, cuya mortalidad fue del 100% como consecuencia de los niveles de amonio y pH del medio.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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[35] O. M. Arrieta, A. P Rivera, L. Arias, B. A. Rojano, O. Ruiz and S. A. Cardona. “Bioremedation of soil with diesel,” Revista Gestión y Ambiente., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 27–40, 2012.
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[38] V. Vallejo, L. Salgado, and F. Roldán, “Evaluación de la bioestimulación en la biodegradación de TPHs en suelos contaminados con petróleo,” Rev. Colomb. Biotecnol., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 67–78, 2005.
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[41] T. J. Aspray, D. J. C. Carvalho, and J. C. Philp, “Application of soil slurry respirometry to optimise and subsequently monitor ex situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 279–284, 2007.
[42] E. Agudelo, “Un método de gestión ambiental para el tratamiento y la disposición final de un residuo peligroso. Caso: “Tierra Fuller contaminada con aceite dieléctrico”, Tesis de maestría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Medellín.
[43] M. Räty and V. Huhta, “Earthworm communities in birch stands with different origin in central Finland,” Pedobiologia, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 283–291, May 2004.
[44] Rapal Uruguay, “Lombriz de tierra, agricultura y agrotóxicos.” Sep-2010.
[45] Organisation for economic cooperation and development, “Draft guideline for the testing of chemicals: earthworm repodruction test (Eisenia foetida/andrei).” 2000.
[46] G. Ávila, H. Gaete, M. Morales, and A. Neaman, “Reproduction of Eisenia foetida in agricultural soils from mining areas contaminated with copper and arsenic,” Pesqui. Agropecuária Bras., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 435–441, Mar. 2007.
[47] J. J. Wilson, J. F. Hatcher, and J. S. Goudey, “Ecotoxicological endpoints for contaminated site remediation,” Ann. DellIstituto Super. Sanità, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 143–147, 2002.
[48] F. H. J. Campesinos, M. R. G. Conde, V. S. Fajardo, F. P. Delgado, and S. P. Aguirre, MANUAL CRÍA DE LA LOMBRIZ DE TIERRA: una alternativa ecológica y rentable. Editorial San Pablo, 2005.
[49] Cookson, J.Bioremediation Engineering. Edi. Mc Graw Hill. U.S.A. 1995.
[50] K. A. Nannipieri, Ed., “5 - Estimation of microbial activities,” in Methods in Applied oil Microbiology and Biochemistry, London: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 193–270.
[51] Ensayos toxicológicos para la evaluación de sustancias químicas en agua y suelo: la experiencia en México. Instituto Nacional de Ecología, 2008.
[52] MC Cuevas, R Ferrera, A. Roldán, R. Rodríguez, “Ensayo de toxicidad aguda con la lombriz de tierra Eisenia andrei,” en Pruebas en suelos. Méjico. Pp 211-224.2008.
[53] M. Schaefer and F. Juliane, “The influence of earthworms and organic additives on the biodegradation of oil contaminated soil,” Appl. Soil Ecol., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 53–62, May 2007.
[54] A. O. Ameh, I.A.I. Mohammed-Dabo, I. Sani ,J. Baba C. Ameh, D.Azienge, and Y. Tanimu, “Earthworm survival in used engine oil contaminated soil spiked with manure,” Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., vol.5, pp. 923–929, 2011.
[2] P. van Beelen and A. K. Fleuren-Kemilä, Influence of pH on the toxic effects of zinc, cadmium, and pentachlorophenol on pure cultures of soil microorganisms, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 146–153, 1997.
[3] E. da C. dos Santos, I. S. Silva, T. H. N. Simões, K. C. M. Simioni, V. M. Oliveira, M. J. Grossman, and L. R. Durrant, Correlation of soil microbial community responses to contamination with crude oil with and without chromium and copper, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 70, pp. 104–110, May 2012.
[4] T.H. Maugh, Rerefined oil; an option that saves oil, minimizes pollution, Science, vol. 193, pp. 1108–1110, 1976.
[5] R.G. Stewart, J.L. Helm, The lubricant market in the 1980s. US and the free world (AM-80-25), Natl. Pet. Refin. Assoc., 1980.
[6] USEPA, Recycling Used Oil: What Can You Do? 1996.
[7] Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Quelques derivés du pétrole, Critères d’hygiène de l’environnement, vol. 20, pp. 68–111, 1980.
[8] Y. M. Luo, “Trends in soil environmental pollution and the prevention-controlling-remediation strategies in China,” Env. Pollut Control, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 27–31, 2009.
[9] R. Vazquez-Duhalt, Environmental impact of used motor oil, Sci. Total Environ., vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 1–23, Feb. 1989.
[10] A. Schilling, Motor Oils and Engine Lubrication, Scientific Publications, Sci. Publ. GB Ltd BrosleyScientific Publ. GB Ltd Brosley, 1968.
[11] J.A. O’Brien. Lubricating oil additives, in ASLE Handbook Series of Lubrication, Am. Soc. Lubr. Eng., vol. 1.
[12] G.P. Wood, How crankcase oil additives function, J Inst Pet., vol. 55, pp. 194–204, 1969.
[13] North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO/CCMS pilot study of disposal of hazardous waste, Project Thermal Treatment (NATO/CCMS-118). Brussels, Belgium, 1981.
[14] D.A. Becker and J.J. Comeford, Recycled oil program phase I: test procedures for recycled oil used as burner fuel. NBS Tech. Note, No. 1130, National Bureau of Standards, shington, DC, U.S.A., 1980.
[15] F.O. Cotton, M.L. Whisman, J.W. Goetzinger and J.W. Reynolds, Analysis of 30 used motor oils, Hydrocarb. Process, pp. 131–140, Sep. 1977.
[16] J.L. Mumford, G.E. Hatch, R.E. Hall, M.A. Jackson, R.G. Merril and d. Lewtas, Toxicity of particles emitted from combustion of waste crankcase oil; in vitro and in vivo studies, Fundam Appl Toxicol, vol. 7, pp. 522–535, 1976.
[17] A. Schilling, Automotive Engine Lubrication, Sci. Publ. GB Ltd, 1972.
[18] J.T. Tanacredi, Petroleum hydrocarbons from effluents: detection in marine environment, J Water Pollut Control Fed, vol. 49, pp. 216–226, 1977.
[19] U.S. Environmental Agency, Waste lube oils pose disposal dilemma, Env. Sci Technol, vol. 6, pp. 25–26, 1972.
[20] W. Bentele. The use of radionuclides for cavitation, wear and oil consumption measurements in engine construction, Kerntechnik, vol. 14, pp. 584–590, 1972.
[21] R.L. Raymond, J.O. Hudson and V.W. Jamison, Oil degradation in soil. Appl Env. Microbiol, vol. 31, pp. 522–535, 1976.
[22] R. Vazquez-Duhalt and H. Greppin, Biodegradation of used motor oil by bacteria promotes the solubilization of heavy metals, Sci. Total Environ., vol. 52, no. 1–2, pp. 109–121, Jun. 1986.
[23] L. Ai, C. Zhang, F. Liao, Y. Wang, M. Li, L. Meng, and J. Jiang, Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution with magnetite loaded multi-wall carbon nanotube: Kinetic, isotherm and mechanism analysis, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 198, pp. 282–290, Diciembre 2011.
[24] J.D. Walker and R.R. Colwell, Microbial petroleum degradation; uses of mixed hydrocarbon substrate, Appl Microb., vol. 27, pp. 1053–1060, 1974.
[25] D. J. Hoffman, W. C. Eastin Jr., and M. L. Gay, Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on birds’ eggs, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 230–241, Abril 1982.
[26] Y. Liang, X. Zhang, J. Wang, G, Spatial variations of hydrocarbon contamination and soil properties in oil exploring fields across China, J Hazard Mater, pp. 371–378, 2012.
[27] Al-Daher, R., El-Nawawy, A., Al-Awadhi, N., “Evaluation of on-site bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil through composting soil piles, Final Report, KISR4625,” Kuwait Inst. Sci. Res., pp. 175–180, 1995.
[28] Núñez, T., “Obtención, caracterización y aplicación de un product bacteriano para la Biorremediación de derrames de hidrocarburos” Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de la Habana, 2003.
[29] K. Sang-Jin, J. H. Sohn, D. S. Sim, K. K. Kwon, and T. H. Kim, “The Effects of Bioremediation on the Oil Degradation in Oil Polluted Environments,” in New Developments in Marine Biotechnology, Y. L. Gal and H. O. Halvorson, Eds. Springer US, 1998, pp. 181–188.
[30] M. Alexander, Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Second Edition, 2 edition. San Diego: Academic Press, 1999.
[31] S. Neralla, A. L. Wright, and R. W. Weaver, “Microbial inoculants and fertilization for bioremediation of oil in wetlands,” 1995.
[32] S.-C. Choi, K.K. Kwon, J.H. Sohn, S.-J. Kim, “Evaluation of fertilizer additions to stimulate oil biodegradation in sand seashore mescocosms,” J Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 12, pp. 431–436, 2002.
[33] F. A. Uraizee, A. D. Venosa, and M. T. Suidan, “A Model for diffusion controlled bioavailability of crude oil components,” Biodegradation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 287–296, Sep. 1997.
[34] B. J. Reid, C. J. A. MacLeod, P. H. Lee, A. W. J. Morriss, J. D. Stokes, and K. T. Semple, “A simple 14C-respirometric method for assessing microbial catabolic potential and contaminant bioavailability,” FEMS Microbiol. Lett., vol. 196, no. 2, pp. 141–146, 2001.
[35] O. M. Arrieta, A. P Rivera, L. Arias, B. A. Rojano, O. Ruiz and S. A. Cardona. “Bioremedation of soil with diesel,” Revista Gestión y Ambiente., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 27–40, 2012.
[36] J. Havlin, Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
[37] J. Sabaté, M. Viñas, and A. M. Solanas, “Laboratory-scale bioremediation experiments on hydrocarbon-contaminated soils,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 19–25, Jul. 2004.
[38] V. Vallejo, L. Salgado, and F. Roldán, “Evaluación de la bioestimulación en la biodegradación de TPHs en suelos contaminados con petróleo,” Rev. Colomb. Biotecnol., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 67–78, 2005.
[39] A. Graves, C. Lang, M. Leavitt, “Respirometric analysis of the biodegradation of organic contaminants in soil and water,” Appl Biochem Biotechnol, pp. 813–826, 1991.
[40] A. M. A. Fiúza and M. C. C. Vila, “An insight into soil bioremediation through respirometry,” Environ. Int., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 179–183, Feb. 2005.
[41] T. J. Aspray, D. J. C. Carvalho, and J. C. Philp, “Application of soil slurry respirometry to optimise and subsequently monitor ex situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 279–284, 2007.
[42] E. Agudelo, “Un método de gestión ambiental para el tratamiento y la disposición final de un residuo peligroso. Caso: “Tierra Fuller contaminada con aceite dieléctrico”, Tesis de maestría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Medellín.
[43] M. Räty and V. Huhta, “Earthworm communities in birch stands with different origin in central Finland,” Pedobiologia, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 283–291, May 2004.
[44] Rapal Uruguay, “Lombriz de tierra, agricultura y agrotóxicos.” Sep-2010.
[45] Organisation for economic cooperation and development, “Draft guideline for the testing of chemicals: earthworm repodruction test (Eisenia foetida/andrei).” 2000.
[46] G. Ávila, H. Gaete, M. Morales, and A. Neaman, “Reproduction of Eisenia foetida in agricultural soils from mining areas contaminated with copper and arsenic,” Pesqui. Agropecuária Bras., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 435–441, Mar. 2007.
[47] J. J. Wilson, J. F. Hatcher, and J. S. Goudey, “Ecotoxicological endpoints for contaminated site remediation,” Ann. DellIstituto Super. Sanità, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 143–147, 2002.
[48] F. H. J. Campesinos, M. R. G. Conde, V. S. Fajardo, F. P. Delgado, and S. P. Aguirre, MANUAL CRÍA DE LA LOMBRIZ DE TIERRA: una alternativa ecológica y rentable. Editorial San Pablo, 2005.
[49] Cookson, J.Bioremediation Engineering. Edi. Mc Graw Hill. U.S.A. 1995.
[50] K. A. Nannipieri, Ed., “5 - Estimation of microbial activities,” in Methods in Applied oil Microbiology and Biochemistry, London: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 193–270.
[51] Ensayos toxicológicos para la evaluación de sustancias químicas en agua y suelo: la experiencia en México. Instituto Nacional de Ecología, 2008.
[52] MC Cuevas, R Ferrera, A. Roldán, R. Rodríguez, “Ensayo de toxicidad aguda con la lombriz de tierra Eisenia andrei,” en Pruebas en suelos. Méjico. Pp 211-224.2008.
[53] M. Schaefer and F. Juliane, “The influence of earthworms and organic additives on the biodegradation of oil contaminated soil,” Appl. Soil Ecol., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 53–62, May 2007.
[54] A. O. Ameh, I.A.I. Mohammed-Dabo, I. Sani ,J. Baba C. Ameh, D.Azienge, and Y. Tanimu, “Earthworm survival in used engine oil contaminated soil spiked with manure,” Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., vol.5, pp. 923–929, 2011.
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2015-08-15
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Barrios-Ziolo, L. F., Robayo-Gómez, J., Prieto-Cadavid, S., & Cardona-Gallo, S. A. (2015). Biorremediación de Suelos Contaminados con Aceites Usados de Motor. Revista CINTEX, 20(1), 69–96. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.pascualbravo.edu.co/index.php/cintex/article/view/31
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