Diesel stationaly enginer operated by crude vegetable oil of jatropha and palm
Keywords:
Raw vegetable oil, diesel engine, burning, emission, particle materialAbstract
Initially diesel motors were designed to operate with vegetable fuels; however, the easy access to fossil fuels at the end of 1800 lived out this alternative. Biofuel was gaining strength from the fuel price crises in the seventies onwards. Furthermore, Colombia has few huge zones with agricultural potential that does not have interconnection to the national electric systems; on these zones to have diesel fuel it is difficult and expensive and it is imperative to proportionate sustainable energetic solutions, environmentally feasible to solve electricity lack on remote areas or areas not interconnected to the National Energy System.On this study, the engine was a stationary diesel motor, with direct injection to generate electricity. A conversion system was designed, built and adapted, which allowed the engine to operate with raw vegetable fuels derived from jatropha and palm. To compare the obtained results, commercial diesel fuel was used as reference to analyze all the studied parameters. The experiment was done under two conditions, first a constant engine running speed and three utilization degrees and the second condition was three engine running speeds and constant utilization degree. The measured variables were energetic efficiency, contaminant emissions, chemical, morphological, cytotoxic and mutagenic analysis of the particulate material.
The specific fuel consumption (gef) increased on both raw oils regarding the reference fuel. This is partly due to a lower calorific value. The Fr (Relative Fuel/Air ratio) increased, as it was expected directly proportional with the utilization degree and the engine running speed. Consequently, the exhaust gases temperature increased on both situations.The delay time decreased with the utilization degree in all diesel due to the average temperature increase into the cylinder, this was due probably to the extra oxygen content provided by the oils, which reduce the chemical delay time. Pression and maximal temperature of combustion appeared to be highest with oils. This could be due to the injected diesel amount by the cycle and per cylinder was highest because have lower calorific value.CO and THC (Total hidrocarbure not burned) emissions increased, whereas NOx emissions does not varies significantly and particulate material emission (MP) increased significantly with the use of oils regarding diesel use.
MP tests allow to conclude that on oil soot particles there is more material that is volatile but this is on liquid state impregnated on particles. On the biological tests, it was found that oil burning was more cytotoxic and less mutagenic than diesel.Finally, the engine performance was satisfactory because does not made noise or rattling because of the use of raw vegetable oils. Once the test were finished, the engine exhaust manifold was disassembled as well as the head and the valves of one of the cylinders. The objective of this disassembling was to realize a visual inspection and carbon stores were found with thickness up to 4 mm. The engine part with highest soot thickness was the engine exhaust manifold
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References
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