Application of the carbon market for hydroelectric projects
Keywords:
Certificados de reducción de emisiones, créditos de carbono, reducción de emisiones, cambio climático, financiamiento de carbono, mercados voluntarios, central hidroeléctricaAbstract
With the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, a new concern was introduced into society about the urgent need to limit the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This concern has led to the creation of the so-called Carbon Market. In this scenario, a standard price for carbon is established using an approach whereby, said colloquially, “the polluter pays.” In this Carbon Market, a kind of bond denominated “Certified Emission Reduction” (CER) is given to the projects through which GHG emissions are reduced. The hydropower plants are among the most popular of the projects eligible for these certificates, and these initiatives are widespread in countries like Brazil, Chile, and Central American nations. However, the relatively small number of this kind of projects in Colombia is in contrast with the enormous energetic potential available of several resources, in general, and of hydropower, in particular.Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] G. Abril, F. Guérin, S. Richard, R. Delmas, C. Galy-Lacaux, P. Gosse, et al. “Carbon dioxide and methane emissions and the carbon budget of a 10-year old tropical re-servoir (Petit Saut, French Guiana)”. Global BiogeochemicalCycles2005; 19.
[2] H. Aragón, (2008). El Mercado del Carbono: construcción institucional, funciona-miento y perspectivas. Economía Informa.
[3] A. K. Akella, R. P. Saini, M. P. Sharma. “Social, economical and environmental im-pacts of renewable energy systems”. Renewable Energy 2009; 34:pp.390e396.
[4] R. M. Barros, G. L. Tiago, F. G. B. Silva. “Preliminary estimates on small hydropower and the clean development mechanism in the Brazilian panorama”. In: SHP confer-ence e marketing & environment, 5. 2009. São Paulo. Proceedings. Itajubá: National Reference center for small hydro power e CERPCH; 2009.
[5] R. M. Barros, G. L. Tiago, F. G. B. Silva. “Preliminary estimate of net carbon credits for a project of SHP in isolated and interconnected national systems”. In: SHP confer-ence e marketing &environment, 5. 2009. São Paulo. Proceedings. Itajubá: National Reference Center for Small Hydro Power eCERPCH; 2010.
[6] D. A. Devault, G. Merlina, P. Lim, J. L. Probst, E. Pinelli. “Multi-residues analysis of pre-emergence herbicides in fluvial sediments: application to the mid-Garonne riv-er”. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2007; 9:009e1017.
[7] D. A. Devault, M. Gerino, C. Laplanche, F. Julien, P. Winterton, G. Merlina, et al. “Her-bicide accumulation and evolution in reservoir sediments”. Science of the Total En-vironment 2009; 407(8):2659e65. ISSN 0048e9697.
[8] D. Ghosh, P. R. Shukla, A. Garg, P. V. Ramana. “Renewable energy technologies for the Indian power sector: mitigation potential and operational strategies”. Renew-able and Sustainable Energy Reviews2002; 6(6):481e512.
[9] L. Eguren. “El mercado de carbono en América Latina y el Caribe: balance y perspec-tivas”. CEPAL. División de Desarrollo Sostenible y Asentamientos Humanos. Santia-go de Chile, marzo de 2004. Naciones Unidas.
[10] F. Guerin, G. Abril, A Junet, M. P. Bonnet. “Anaerobic decomposition of tropical soils and plant material: implication for the CO2 and CH4 budget of the Petit Saut reser-voir”. Applied Geochemistry 2008; 23(8):2272e83.ISSN 0883-2927.
[11] C. Hepburn, (2007). “Carbon Trading: A Review of the Kyoto Mechanisms”. The An-nual Review of Environment and Resources, 375-393.
[12] Naciones Unidas. Protocolo de Kioto de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Uni-das sobre el Cambio Climático, 1998.
[13] PNUMA y UNFCCC. Para comprender el cambio climático: Guía elemental de la Con-vención Marco de las Naciones Unidas y el Protocolo de Kioto. 2002.
[14] Potencial Hidroeléctrico de Antioquia. Inventario, perspectivas y estrategias. Banco de iniciativas regionales para el desarrollo de Antioquia – BIRD. Abril, 2011.
[15] P. Purohit, “Small hydro power projects under clean development mechanism in In-dia: a preliminary assessment”. Energy Policy 2008; 36(6):2000e15. ISSN0301-4215.
[16] P. Purohit, T. C. Kandpal. “Renewable energy technologies for irrigation water pumping in India: projected levels of dissemination, energy delivery and investment requirements using available diffusion models”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2005; 9(6):592e607.
[17] Sheng Zhou, Xiliang Zhang, Jinghe Liu. “The trend of small hydropower develop-ment in China2. Renewable Energy 34 (2009) 1078–1083
[18] N. Tanwar. “Clean development mechanism and off-grid small-scale hydropower proj-ects: evaluation of additionality”. Energy Policy 2007; 35(1):714e21. ISSN 0301-4215.
[19] G. L. Tiago, Jr. A. Stano, Jr. A. Brasil, J. T. Ferrari, H. Lemos, C.F. Nunes, et al. “Small hydroelectric exploitations”. Ministry of mines and energy Brasilia; 2008. p. 216.
[20] G. R. Timilsina, R. M. Shrestha, “General equilibrium effects of a supply side GHG mit-igation option under the clean development mechanism”. Journal of Environmental Management 2006; 80:327e41.
[21] UNFCCC. Cuidar el clima. Guía de la Convención Marco sobre el cambio climático y el Protocolo de Kioto. Bonn, Alemania: Secretaría de la Convención Marco sobre el Cambio Climático (CMCC), 2005.
[22] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations Frame-work Convention on Climate Change 2010. Retrieved 16-6-2009, from http://unfccc.int/2860.php/
[23] J. F. Van de Vate, “Comparison of energy sources in terms of their full energy chain emission factors of greenhouse gases”. Energy Policy 1997; 25(1):1e6.ISSN 0301-4215.
[24] P. M. Vitousek, (1992). “Global environmental change an introduction”. Annual Re-view of Ecology and Systematics, 23, 1-14.
[25] World Bank Institute. (2009). State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2009.
[26] Zhou Sheng, Liu Jinghe. “Competitiveness of China in small hydropower market”. China Water Resources 2006; 18:P45–7.
[27] International Energy Agency (2013, May 20). Latin America: Statistics [Online]. Available at: http://www.iea.org/stats/regionresults.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=21&Submit=Submit.
[2] H. Aragón, (2008). El Mercado del Carbono: construcción institucional, funciona-miento y perspectivas. Economía Informa.
[3] A. K. Akella, R. P. Saini, M. P. Sharma. “Social, economical and environmental im-pacts of renewable energy systems”. Renewable Energy 2009; 34:pp.390e396.
[4] R. M. Barros, G. L. Tiago, F. G. B. Silva. “Preliminary estimates on small hydropower and the clean development mechanism in the Brazilian panorama”. In: SHP confer-ence e marketing & environment, 5. 2009. São Paulo. Proceedings. Itajubá: National Reference center for small hydro power e CERPCH; 2009.
[5] R. M. Barros, G. L. Tiago, F. G. B. Silva. “Preliminary estimate of net carbon credits for a project of SHP in isolated and interconnected national systems”. In: SHP confer-ence e marketing &environment, 5. 2009. São Paulo. Proceedings. Itajubá: National Reference Center for Small Hydro Power eCERPCH; 2010.
[6] D. A. Devault, G. Merlina, P. Lim, J. L. Probst, E. Pinelli. “Multi-residues analysis of pre-emergence herbicides in fluvial sediments: application to the mid-Garonne riv-er”. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2007; 9:009e1017.
[7] D. A. Devault, M. Gerino, C. Laplanche, F. Julien, P. Winterton, G. Merlina, et al. “Her-bicide accumulation and evolution in reservoir sediments”. Science of the Total En-vironment 2009; 407(8):2659e65. ISSN 0048e9697.
[8] D. Ghosh, P. R. Shukla, A. Garg, P. V. Ramana. “Renewable energy technologies for the Indian power sector: mitigation potential and operational strategies”. Renew-able and Sustainable Energy Reviews2002; 6(6):481e512.
[9] L. Eguren. “El mercado de carbono en América Latina y el Caribe: balance y perspec-tivas”. CEPAL. División de Desarrollo Sostenible y Asentamientos Humanos. Santia-go de Chile, marzo de 2004. Naciones Unidas.
[10] F. Guerin, G. Abril, A Junet, M. P. Bonnet. “Anaerobic decomposition of tropical soils and plant material: implication for the CO2 and CH4 budget of the Petit Saut reser-voir”. Applied Geochemistry 2008; 23(8):2272e83.ISSN 0883-2927.
[11] C. Hepburn, (2007). “Carbon Trading: A Review of the Kyoto Mechanisms”. The An-nual Review of Environment and Resources, 375-393.
[12] Naciones Unidas. Protocolo de Kioto de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Uni-das sobre el Cambio Climático, 1998.
[13] PNUMA y UNFCCC. Para comprender el cambio climático: Guía elemental de la Con-vención Marco de las Naciones Unidas y el Protocolo de Kioto. 2002.
[14] Potencial Hidroeléctrico de Antioquia. Inventario, perspectivas y estrategias. Banco de iniciativas regionales para el desarrollo de Antioquia – BIRD. Abril, 2011.
[15] P. Purohit, “Small hydro power projects under clean development mechanism in In-dia: a preliminary assessment”. Energy Policy 2008; 36(6):2000e15. ISSN0301-4215.
[16] P. Purohit, T. C. Kandpal. “Renewable energy technologies for irrigation water pumping in India: projected levels of dissemination, energy delivery and investment requirements using available diffusion models”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2005; 9(6):592e607.
[17] Sheng Zhou, Xiliang Zhang, Jinghe Liu. “The trend of small hydropower develop-ment in China2. Renewable Energy 34 (2009) 1078–1083
[18] N. Tanwar. “Clean development mechanism and off-grid small-scale hydropower proj-ects: evaluation of additionality”. Energy Policy 2007; 35(1):714e21. ISSN 0301-4215.
[19] G. L. Tiago, Jr. A. Stano, Jr. A. Brasil, J. T. Ferrari, H. Lemos, C.F. Nunes, et al. “Small hydroelectric exploitations”. Ministry of mines and energy Brasilia; 2008. p. 216.
[20] G. R. Timilsina, R. M. Shrestha, “General equilibrium effects of a supply side GHG mit-igation option under the clean development mechanism”. Journal of Environmental Management 2006; 80:327e41.
[21] UNFCCC. Cuidar el clima. Guía de la Convención Marco sobre el cambio climático y el Protocolo de Kioto. Bonn, Alemania: Secretaría de la Convención Marco sobre el Cambio Climático (CMCC), 2005.
[22] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations Frame-work Convention on Climate Change 2010. Retrieved 16-6-2009, from http://unfccc.int/2860.php/
[23] J. F. Van de Vate, “Comparison of energy sources in terms of their full energy chain emission factors of greenhouse gases”. Energy Policy 1997; 25(1):1e6.ISSN 0301-4215.
[24] P. M. Vitousek, (1992). “Global environmental change an introduction”. Annual Re-view of Ecology and Systematics, 23, 1-14.
[25] World Bank Institute. (2009). State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2009.
[26] Zhou Sheng, Liu Jinghe. “Competitiveness of China in small hydropower market”. China Water Resources 2006; 18:P45–7.
[27] International Energy Agency (2013, May 20). Latin America: Statistics [Online]. Available at: http://www.iea.org/stats/regionresults.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=21&Submit=Submit.
Downloads
Published
2013-12-30
How to Cite
Duque Grisales, E. A., & Patiño Murillo, J. A. (2013). Application of the carbon market for hydroelectric projects. Revista CINTEX, 18, 131–143. Retrieved from https://revistas.pascualbravo.edu.co/index.php/cintex/article/view/53
Issue
Section
ARTICLES
