Aprovechamiento de un residuo del carbón para reducción del impacto ambiental de la minería del carbón en Colombia: estudio del potencial de uso en la industria del cemento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33131/24222208.323Palabras clave:
Residuo de lavado de carbón, Arcilla calcinada, puzolana, metacaolín, ecocementosResumen
Con el propósito de reducir la emisión de CO2 en la producción de cemento, incrementar el aprovechamiento de residuos y generar materias primas alternativas con mayor disponibilidad y potencial de uso, se han venido estudiando nuevos materiales capaces de desarrollar propiedades cementicias, especialmente residuos industriales, que permiten disminuir el consumo de clínker en el cemento. Adicionalmente, se conoce que la minería del carbón genera gran cantidad de residuos o estériles, tanto en la explotación como en el beneficio. Por tanto, en este trabajo se estudió el desempeño mecánico y la resistencia a la compresión de una matriz de cemento adicionada con un residuo del carbón colombiano activado térmicamente, generado específicamente del proceso de lavado del carbón, con el propósito de poder utilizar este residuo como material cementante suplementario. La caracterización físico-química y mineralógica del material en estado natural y calcinado, se llevó a cabo mediante granulometría por hidrómetro, FRX, DRX, ATG/ATD y análisis próximos del carbón. El residuo está compuesto en su mayoría por SiO2, Al2O3, SO3 y Fe2O3, y sus fases mineralógicas principales son cuarzo, caolinita e illita. Se evaluó la resistencia mecánica a la compresión de morteros con 20% de sustitución y se encontraron resultados óptimos al comparar con la muestra control a 28 y 90 días de curado.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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[36] J. A. Patiño-Murillo, J. J. Castro-Maldonado, Y. C. Gutiérrez-Sandoval, J. I. Leal-Santafé, y O. Hurtado-Figueroa, «Estudio del comportamiento de muestras de mortero natural sometidas a esfuerzo de compresión», Lámpsakos, vol. 1, n.o 20, pp. 22–28, 2018.
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[2] Y. Liu, S. Lei, T. Huang, M. Ji, Y. Li, and Y. Fan, “Research on mineralogy and flotation for coal-series kaolin,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 136, pp. 37–42, 2017.
[3] M. Academy, “Effect of Coal Gangue with Different Kaolin Contents on Compressive Strength and Pore Size of Blended Cement Paste,” vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 12–15.
[4] B. Zhengfu, I. H. I, D. J. L, O. Frank, and S. Sue, “Environmental issues from coal mining and their solutions,” Min. Sci. Technol., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 215–223, 2010.
[5] Duffy, G. J., Lanauze, R. D., & Kable, J. W. (1981). Reducing the environmental impact of coal-washing practice in Australia. Minerals and the Environment, 3(4), 103-110.
[6] X. Querol et al., “Environmental characterization of burnt coal gangue banks at Yangquan, Shanxi Province, China,” Int. J. Coal Geol., vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 93–104, 2008.
[7] R. K. Pan, M. G. Yu, and L. X. Lu, “Experimental study on explosive mechanism of spontaneous combustion gangue dump,” J. Coal Sci. Eng., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 394–398, 2009.
[8] L. Beltramini, M. Suarez, A. Guilarducci, M. Carrasco, and R. Grether, “Aprovechamiento de Residuos de la Depuración del Carbón Mineral: Obtención de Adiciones Puzolánicas para el Cemento Portland,” Rev. Tecnol. y Cienc., vol. Año 3, no. 4, pp. 5–18, 2010.
[9] K. M. Skarzynska, “Reuse of coal mining wastes in civil engineering - Part 1: properties oof minestone,” vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 3–42, 1995.
[10] E. Mejía, J. Giraldo, and L. Martínez, “Residuos de construcción y demolición. Revisión sobre su composición, impactos y gestión.,” Rev. CINTEX, vol. 18, pp. 105–130, 2013.
[11] K. L. Scrivener, “Future Cements Options for the future of cement,” Indian Concr. J., vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 11–21, 2014.
[12] M. Frías et al., “The Influence of Activated Coal Mining Wastes on the Mineralogy of Blended Cement Pastes,” Am. Ceram. Soc., no. September, pp. 1–8, 2015.
[13] Agency International Energy, “Energy Technologies, Perspectives, Scenarios and Strategies to 2050,” 2008.
[14] R. S. Almenares, L. M. Vizcaíno, S. Damas, A. Mathieu, A. Alujas, and F. Martirena, “Industrial calcination of kaolinitic clays to make reactive pozzolans,” Case Stud. Constr. Mater., vol. 6, no. April, pp. 225–232, 2017.
[15] A. Tironi, M. A. Trezza, A. N. Scian, and E. F. Irassar, “Thermal analysis to assess pozzolanic activity of calcined kaolinitic clays,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 117, no. 2, pp. 547–556, 2014.
[16] A. Tironi, M. A. Trezza, A. N. Scian, and E. F. Irassar, “Assessment of pozzolanic activity of different calcined clays,” Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 37, pp. 319–327, 2013.
[17] R. Siddique and J. Klaus, “Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 43, no. 3–4, pp. 392–400, 2009.
[18] M. Frías, R. García, R. Vigil de la Villa, and S. Martínez, “Coal Mining Waste as a Future Eco-Efficient Supplementary Cementing Material”, pp. 232–241, 2016.
[19] L. Beltramini and A. Guilarducci, “Puzolanas artificiales. Estudio de la activación térmica de residuos de carbón.,” Jorn. Investig. Tecnol. 2013., no. 1, pp. 1–4.
[20] Y. Liu, S. Lei, M. Lin, Y. Li, Z. Ye, and Y. Fan, “Assessment of pozzolanic activity of calcined coal-series kaolin,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 143, no. December 2016, pp. 159–167, 2017.
[21] R. García-giménez, R. Vigil, D. Villa, and V. Rubio, “The Transformation of Coal-Mining Waste Minerals in the Pozzolanic Reactions of Cements,” 2016.
[22] G. Kakali, T. Perraki, S. Tsivilis, and E. Badogiannis, “Thermal treatment of kaolin: the effect of mineralogy on the pozzolanic activity,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 20, no. 1–2, pp. 73–80, Sep. 2001.
[23] A. Tironi, M. A. Trezza, E. F. Irassar, and A. N. Scian, “Thermal Treatment of Kaolin: Effect on the Pozzolanic Activity,” Procedia Mater. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 343–350, 2012.
[24] H. Yanguatin, J. Tobón, and J. Ramírez, “Pozzolanic reactivity of kaolin clays, a review,” Rev. Ing. Constr., vol. 32, no. August, pp. 13–24, 2017.
[25] Glendon W. Gee and D. Or, “Methods of soil analysis,” in Methods of soil analysis, Soil Science Society of America Book Series, 2002, pp. 255–293.
[26] B. K. Salikia, R. K. Boruah, and P. K. Gogoi, “FT-IR and XRD analysis of coal from Makum coalfield of Assam,” J. Earth Syst. Sci., vol. 116, no. 6, pp. 575–579, 2007.
[27] S. Hollanders, R. Adriaens, J. Skibsted, Ö. Cizer, and J. Elsen, “Pozzolanic reactivity of pure calcined clays,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 132–133, pp. 552–560, 2016.
[28] R. A. Sayanam, A. K. Kalsotra, and S. K. Mehta, “Studies on thermal transformation and pozzolanic activities of clay from Jammu Region (India),” vol. 35, pp. 99–106, 1987.
[29] M. Földvári, Handbook of the thermogravimetric system of minerals and its use in geological practice, vol. 56, no. 4. 2013.
[30] ASTM D388-18, Standard Classification of Coals by Rank, vol. 05, no. January 2000. 2002, pp. 1–7.
[31] A. Tironi, M. A. Trezza, A. N. Scian, and E. F. Irassar, “Incorporation of Calcined Clays in Mortars: Porous Structure and Compressive Strength,” Procedia Mater. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 366–373, 2012.
[32] B. Ilić, V. Radonjanin, M. Malešev, M. Zdujić, and A. Mitrović, “Study on the addition effect of metakaolin and mechanically activated kaolin on cement strength and microstructure under different curing conditions,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 133, pp. 243–252, 2017.
[33] M. Arikan, K. Sobolev, T. Ertün, A. Yeğinobali, and P. Turker, “Properties of blended cements with thermally activated kaolin,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 62–70, Jan. 2009.
[34] M. Antoni, J. Rossen, F. Martirena, and K. Scrivener, “Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 1579–1589, 2012.
[35] D. da Silva Andrade, J. H. da Silva Rêgo, P. Cesar Morais, and M. Frías Rojas, “Chemical and mechanical characterization of ternary cement pastes containing metakaolin and nanosilica,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 159, pp. 18–26, 2018.
[36] J. A. Patiño-Murillo, J. J. Castro-Maldonado, Y. C. Gutiérrez-Sandoval, J. I. Leal-Santafé, y O. Hurtado-Figueroa, «Estudio del comportamiento de muestras de mortero natural sometidas a esfuerzo de compresión», Lámpsakos, vol. 1, n.o 20, pp. 22–28, 2018.
[37] Sistema de Información Minero Colombiano [En línea].” 2016, Disponible en [02-10-2018]: http://www.upme.gov.co/generadorconsultas/Consulta_Series.aspx?idModulo=4&tipoSerie=121&grupo=368
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Publicado
2018-12-31
Cómo citar
Rodríguez, J., Tobón, J., Frías, M., & Sánchez de Rojas, M. I. (2018). Aprovechamiento de un residuo del carbón para reducción del impacto ambiental de la minería del carbón en Colombia: estudio del potencial de uso en la industria del cemento. Revista CINTEX, 23(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.33131/24222208.323
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